Cover Story
Abiding Legacy
The purpose of this piece is not to analyse the personality of General Pervez Musharraf and the period of his rule but to look for his contributions that will have a lasting imprint on Pakistan.
President Pervez Musharraf was a unique personality, positive and progressive in thought and outlook, a strident patriot in the mould of his military background, determined and quick to decide and act, open and congenial in conversation who enjoyed discussion and listened to different arguments and opinion. Yet he is controversial, especially by the circumstances of his ascension to power and a few decisions in the later part of his rule. He made mistakes for which he paid a heavy price. The purpose of this note is not to analyse his personality and the period of his rule but to look for his contributions that will have a lasting imprint on Pakistan.
Almost daily, when we open our television sets and surf through scores of Pakistani channels, we hardly remember that this flourishing of media owes to President Musharraf’s decision to liberalise print and electronic media, a landmark in the socio-political development of Pakistan. Today, the role of our media in influencing and moulding public opinion is indisputable. Ironically, it also contributed to his exit.
Similarly, the common sight of women representatives in our assemblies, both federal and provincial, again owes to the decisions made under the Musharraf rule. We now take this gender balance almost for granted, but it was not so even a couple of decades ago and it marks a definite and permanent advance in the society.
A less recognised contribution by President Musharraf is the support his government provided to the education sector by increasing funds by manifolds. For the first time, teachers especially at the university and college levels were receiving decent emoluments for their services to the country. The education sector falls short in reforms and a targeted education to prepare the young generation by emphasising STEM subjects to meet the challenges of industrial, agricultural and technological development in the country. But for that the onus falls on the lack of clarity about purposeful education in the country. Generous funding was allocated for scholarships to study abroad, especially for PhD in science subjects. The outcome had been mixed, but there is undeniable need for such programmes.
There have been several policy initiatives to free and expand cultural space to encourage artistic talent and attenuate the constricted environment that had prevailed in the country since the late seventies. A better understanding started taking shape about the importance of nurturing and promoting the soft image of Pakistan.
In foreign affairs, President Musharraf’s abiding legacy is his engagement with India in a thoughtful and pragmatic approach on the basis of mutual respect and sovereign equality. Ironically he had been one of the architects of Kargil for which he is rightly criticised. But he changed. He was the moving spirit behind the four-point formula to look for an out-of-the-box interim solution for Kashmir which could provide maximum comfort and benefit to the Kashmiris while protecting the vital interests of Pakistan and India. This alone could be a credible approach under the circumstances: to assure self-governance to the Kashmiris with freedom of movement and commerce within Kashmir, demilitarisation of population centres, and a joint mechanism to oversee the implementation of the agreement and safeguarding the vital interests of the two countries. For the first time in the history of the two countries, an agreed text was developed with a few gaps to be addressed, unlike the earlier efforts that remained limited to dialogue and discussion. The effort did not reach its intended denouement, but ideas remain in a concrete shape to bring an end to the pain in Kashmir and inject certain normalcy in relations between the two largest neighbours in South Asia.

Khushbakht Shujaat
Former Senator
99% of leaders demand respect, President General Pervez Musharraf was part of 1% of leaders who commanded respect. The U.S. President George W. Bush (junior) once summarised the qualities of General Musharraf and said, “President Musharraf is a strong defender of freedom and the people of Pakistan.”
President Musharraf had a slogan “Pakistan First”. His economic policies along with foreign affairs and governance policies were aligned with this slogan. During his tenure of 2000-07, Pakistan positioned itself as one of the four fastest growing economies in the Asian region with its annual growth averaging 7 per cent. Pakistan’s relations with the U.S. were at its peak. Musharraf also made amends and improved relations with India.
I recall how the infrastructure of my city Karachi drastically improved during President Musharraf’s tenure. Overseas Pakistanis started coming back to the country because of its improved economic conditions. Some will remember him as a dictator simply because he was a military general, but I will remember him as the leader who brought democracy back to Pakistan.
I will remember that during President Musharraf’s tenure there was unprecedented deregulation of the mass media, economic growth, and vibrant debate that had never occurred before him. My prayers are with his family. I also hope that as we write history we write the facts and mention the good works General Musharraf did during his tenure. Like other leaders he must have made some mistakes but those mistakes did not rightly define the man or his legacy.
I served with President Musharraf as foreign secretary for three years until early 2008. I found him both flexible and decisive. I can recount many occasions but will mention one critical decision when I was ambassador in China. In 2003, I proposed that we sign an overarching agreement with China for nuclear power plants (under IAEA safeguards) before China joined the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). There was some resistance to the idea in Islamabad. Finally, I approached President Musharraf who said that he had been advised that this option for power generation was expensive. I explained that it was an overarching agreement with no obligation as to when we buy, in five years, ten or fifty. But if China joined the NSG without this agreement, this door would be shut on us and Pakistan would lose the option. He thought for a while, understood and on the spot gave me green signal to go ahead. Thanks to that strategic decision, Pakistan has already added almost 3000 MW capacity from its nuclear power plants, C-3, C-4, K-2 and K-3. In addition to this being a mainstay to meet our energy requirements, these plant are home to the largest concentration of our scientific community, and a testimony to President Musharraf’s strong leadership and forward looking decision making.
The writer is an author and a former foreign secretary.
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In my over 2 decades of association with late General Pervez Musharraf, I would say that the thing which distinguished him from others was the fact Gen. Musharraf lived his life by being who he was. There was hardly any pretence.
His simplicity, modesty, honesty, humility and all the rest of his core family values were portrayed in everything he said and did. He had a unique ability to put people at ease instantly, regardless of their age, background and social status.
He was a gem of a person, a true leader, an international statesman, and above all an inspiration for so many of us, who take pride in just being fortunate enough to have known him and to have spent time with him.
He was the centre of the universe for so many people whom he made to feel as if they were the stars in his world. We were not just a part of his life, he was at times the life in us. I remember my last introduction by him was that I was his “old friend”.
Au revoir my old friend, until we meet again…